![]() ![]() Two types of collaborative innovation networks are constructed: one is the collaborative coupling network between UIG, one is the spatial correlation network between different areas. Based on the triple helix perspective, this paper integrates the collaborative coupling relationship between innovation subjects and the spatial correlation between regions in the RIS under a theoretical framework. ![]() In the regional innovation system (RIS), the triple helix (TH) relations of university, industry, government (UIG) have received wide attention, but the spatial correlation involving various innovation subjects has rarely been deeply analyzed, especially in urban agglomeration. We argue that policy differences between the coastal and inland provinces explain much of the discontinuity, and find that differences in preferential policies can account for a large part of the coastal/inland divide. Because there is no geographic barrier associated with the border in the plains provinces, and because geography and culture are fairly continuous at the border, these large economic discontinuities are unlikely to be explained by geographic or cultural differences. The economic discontinuities are larger for non-state sectors than for the state sector, and are robust to including measures of local public goods and infrastructure. The counties on the coastal side of the border also have higher urban population shares and higher shares of output produced by foreign firms. Using counties contiguous to the borders of four plains provinces, we find that manufacturing activity (output, employment, and exports) increases abruptly as one crosses from the inland to the coastal side of the border. We document large economic discontinuities across the provincial borders separating coastal China from the inland. ![]()
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